Apparatus for Continuous Casting

ABSTRACT

Apparatus for continuous casting comprising a support structure provided with a containing casing configured to support inside it a mold equipped with a plurality of longitudinal passage channels for the passage of a cooling liquid. The containing casing and the mold together define an introduction chamber and a discharge chamber for the cooling liquid, and the introduction chamber and the discharge chamber are fluidically connected by the passage channels. The mold comprises a first tubular element and a second tubular element disposed inside the first tubular element. The second tubular element comprises a plurality of plates each provided with passage channels and connected to each other to define a through casting cavity. The first tubular element is provided with connection members to connect the passage channels of the plates respectively with the introduction chamber and with the discharge chamber.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention concerns an apparatus for continuous casting that allows to continuously cast metal products such as slabs with a rectangular section and bars with a double “T” section, also known as “beam blanks”.

In particular, the apparatus for continuous casting allows to install both crystallizers of the tubular type and also crystallizers of the plate type.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

An apparatus is known for continuous casting comprising a support structure or framework, defining a closed tubular support body, or body to support and contain the mold, hereinafter indicated as mold body.

The mold body, depending on its particular constructional configuration, can allow to install a mold of the tubular type or plate type.

Molds of the tubular type allow to obtain metal products with very simple and even cross section, for example blooms or billets with a round or square section, or with a more complex cross section but of limited size.

Known molds of a tubular type comprise a first tubular element, external during use, called conveyor, and a second tubular element, internal during use, called crystallizer.

The crystallizer, usually made of copper or its alloys, has a through cavity with a shape and size substantially analogous to those of the metal product to be cast.

The external surfaces of the crystallizer, because of the high working temperature, are constantly cooled by a cooling liquid, usually water.

To this purpose, between the conveyor and the crystallizer a hollow space is provided or a plurality of cooling channels, for the passage and conveyance of the water.

The cooling water is made to circulate from a first end of the crystallizer, corresponding to the end from which the cast product exits, to a second end, corresponding to the end in which the molten metal is cast, in practice obtaining a counter-flow cooling with respect to the product.

The mold thus obtained is inserted in the mold body which, together with the mold, defines a containing compartment.

The containing compartment is divided into two halves by means of a separator element in order to define, together with the mold, two chambers containing cooling water, also called water boxes.

The fluidic connection between the first containing chamber and the second containing chamber is made by the hollow space, or by the cooling channels, comprised between the conveyor and the crystallizer.

The cooling water is introduced into the first water containing chamber, passes through the hollow space or the cooling channels and exits into the second containing chamber in order to be subsequently discharged.

Consequently the cooling action of the crystallizer is substantially uniform on the whole extension of the surfaces affected by the cooling. This cooling condition, precisely because of the impossibility of obtaining a differentiated cooling action on its walls, makes the molds of the tubular type not very suitable for casting products with shapes that are not even and uniform, particularly those of a large size, such as beams with a double “T” section, also called “Beam Blanks”.

In the case of products with large size sections, the walls of the tubular crystallizer are subjected to considerable deformations due both to the working pressure of the cooling liquid and also to thermo-mechanical stresses.

Crystallizers of the plate type are also known, generally used for casting billets or blooms with a rectangular section, or Beam Blanks.

Said crystallizers of the plate type comprise four plates connected to each other to define, with their surface which during use faces toward the inside, a cavity for the passage of the liquid metal.

The plates of each crystallizer are reciprocally connected by means of a frame provided with four frame elements, each of which is associated to one of the plates.

The four frame elements are reciprocally connected in correspondence to their lateral edges in order to close the plates inside them. The plates are coupled with each other in correspondence to respective connection edges.

The frame elements are connected to each other by connection means which can provide to make holes, threaded or not, into which screws or stud bolts are screwed, centering or clamping pins are inserted and/or elastic elements are associated.

The plates have lateral edges shaped to define together respective same-shape couplings.

Direct connection means are not provided between the plates, since they could require an increase in thickness of the plates or could stiffen the structure too much, causing the onset of internal tensions because of thermal stresses. On the other hand the connection between the plates and the frame is particularly complex and uneconomic in terms of assembly time and the number of components used.

Similarly to tubular crystallizers, each plate of a plate crystallizer is provided with a plurality of cooling channels for the circulation of the cooling water.

The cooling channels can be made directly in the thickness of each plate. It is also known to make, on the surface of the plates which, during use, faces toward the outside, longitudinal grooves that are closed by a closing slab to define said cooling channels.

The position of the cooling channels in the plates is planned as a function of the differentiated cooling conditions of the internal surfaces of the crystallizer.

In each plate, the inlet and outlet ends of the cooling channels are referred to a single inlet collector and respectively a single outlet collector.

The inlet and outlet collectors are connected in their turn to a plant for feeding and treating the cooling water.

By suitably varying the flow rates of the water through the inlet and outlet collectors it is possible to differentiate the cooling action in the plates and, as a consequence, the cooling action in the section of the cast product.

The differentiated cooling action prevents the onset of internal tensions or cracks that are damaging for the cast metal product.

The inlet and outlet collectors comprise ports to introduce and discharge the water, made in the frame elements and which connect to each other near access apertures to the cooling channels provided in the plates.

The introduction and discharge ports in their turn connect, with suitable pipes, to the plant that feeds and treats the water.

The particular technical requirements to make the mold of the plate type render the plate crystallizer unsuitable to be installed on mold bodies configured for the installation of tubular crystallizers and vice versa.

To this purpose, depending on whether a crystallizer of the tubular type or a crystallizer of the plate type is used, it is necessary to install one or the other of the mold bodies, with a subsequent considerable increase in plant, installation and maintenance costs.

One purpose of the present invention is to make an apparatus for continuous casting that allows to selectively install in the same mold body crystallizers of the tubular type or crystallizers of the plate type.

Another purpose of the present invention is to make an apparatus for continuous casting that allows to renew already existing apparatuses, in a simple manner, provided for example for the installation of tubular crystallizers, making them suitable also for the installation of plate crystallizers. To this end, it is also a purpose of the present invention to maintain the functions of a mold body for tubular crystallizers substantially unaltered, in order to allow the use both of already existing tubular crystallizers and also plate crystallizers suitably prepared.

Another purpose of the present invention is to make an apparatus for continuous casting that allows to assemble the crystallizers in the mold body in a simple and rapid way.

Another purpose of the present invention is to reduce the complexity of connection between the plates of a crystallizer of the plate type.

It is also a purpose of the present invention to optimize the heat exchange action between the crystallizer and the metal product which is cast.

The Applicant has devised, tested and embodied the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the state of the art and to obtain these and other purposes and advantages.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is set forth and characterized in the independent claim, while the dependent claims describe other characteristics of the invention or variants to the main inventive idea.

In accordance with the above purposes, an apparatus for continuous casting comprises a support structure provided with a containing casing configured to support inside it a mold equipped with a plurality of longitudinal passage channels for the passage of a cooling liquid. The containing casing and the mold together define an introduction chamber and a discharge chamber for the cooling liquid.

Some forms of embodiment of the present invention may provide that the introduction chamber and the discharge chamber are separated by a separator element associated to the mold and to the containing casing.

The introduction chamber and the discharge chamber are fluidically connected by the passage channels, in which, during use, the cooling liquid is made to flow to constantly cool the mold and preserve its dimensional and mechanical characteristics.

According to one feature of the present invention the mold comprises a first tubular element and a second tubular element disposed inside said first tubular element so that only the first tubular element is located in direct contact with the cooling liquid contained in the introduction chamber and the discharge chamber.

Moreover, the second tubular element comprises a plurality of plates each provided with said passage channels and connected to each other to define a through casting cavity.

The first tubular element is provided with connection members to connect said passage channels of the plates respectively with the introduction chamber and with the discharge chamber and thus achieve the cooling of the plates.

The configuration described above therefore allows to associate crystallizers of the plate type to a substantially known support structure normally configured for the installation of tubular crystallizers, thus increasing the versatility of said structure.

According to another form of embodiment, a hollow space is defined between the first tubular element and the second tubular element which drains possible infiltrations of cooling liquid between the first and the second tubular element. In this way, possible infiltrations of cooling liquid in the casting cavity are avoided which, because of contact between the cooling liquid and the melted metal, could also cause explosions. This would compromise the functioning and the integrity of the apparatus and adjoining structures, also causing a serious risk for the safety of the operators.

According to another form of embodiment of the present invention, each of the plates is served by its own connection members.

In other forms of embodiment, each of the connection members is connected to a plurality of said passage channels.

Other forms of embodiment provide that flow adjustment members, provided to adjust the flow rate of cooling liquid in the passage channels, are associated to at least one of the connection members.

In this way it is possible to differentiate the cooling action of each of the plates which make up the second tubular element, taking into account any uneven section shapes of the cast product for example, such as for example a Beam Blank.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of some forms of embodiment, given as a non-restrictive example with reference to the attached drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation in section of an apparatus for continuous casting according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a section view from II to II in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a section view from III to III in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a section view from IV to IV in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a view of an enlarged detail of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a first enlarged detail of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a second enlarged detail of FIG. 1.

To facilitate comprehension, the same reference numbers have been used, where possible, to identify identical common elements in the drawings. It is understood that elements and characteristics of one form of embodiment can conveniently be incorporated into other forms of embodiment without further clarifications.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME FORMS OF EMBODIMENT

With reference to FIG. 1 an apparatus for continuous casting is indicated in its entirety by the reference number 10 and comprises a support structure or mold body 11, to which a mold 12 is associated, in this case, of the plate type. The mold body 11 also allows to install molds of the tubular type.

The mold body 11 is provided with a containing casing 13 in which, during use, the mold 12 is inserted. Between the containing casing 13 and the mold 12 a closed chamber 15 is defined, to contain the cooling water. The containing casing 13 is closed at the top by an upper flange 24 and below by a lower flange 25.

A separator element 14, located in the containing compartment 15, is associated to the containing casing 13 and to the mold 12 and divides the containing compartment 15 into an introduction chamber 16 and a discharge chamber 17 of the cooling water.

The separator element 14 is located inside the containing compartment 15 transverse to the longitudinal extension of the mold 12.

The introduction chamber 16 and the discharge chamber 17 are connected, by means of a delivery pipe 18 and, respectively a discharge pipe 19, to a plant to feed and treat the cooling water, not shown in the drawings.

Some forms of embodiment, for example those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, provide that the separator element 14 comprises a first portion 20 solidly coupled to the mold body 11 and a second portion 22 solidly attached to the mold 12.

The first portion 20 is attached to the mold body 11, by means of welding for example, and is provided with a through seating 21 configured to receive the second portion 22 of the separator element 14.

Between the first portion 20 and the second portion 22 of the separator element 14 sealing members 23 are provided, such as packings, of the annular type or O-rings for example, which prevent the passage of cooling water between the discharge chamber 17 and the introduction chamber 16.

Other forms of embodiment can provide that the separator element 14 is made in a single body and is solidly associated to the mold body 11 or to the mold 12 and extends taking itself into contact with the mold 12 and the mold body 11.

The mold 12 develops longitudinally along a longitudinal axis Z which can have a rectilinear development, if the apparatus 10 is installed in a continuous casting machine of the vertical type, or it can have a slightly curved development if the apparatus 10 is installed in a curved continuous casting machine.

The mold 12 comprises a first tubular element or conveyor 26, and a second tubular element or crystallizer 27, disposed inside the conveyor 26.

The conveyor 26 has the function of supporting the crystallizer 27 as well as the function of separating the latter from the introduction chamber 16 and from the discharge chamber 17.

Between the conveyor 26 and the crystallizer 27 a hollow space 51 is defined which is open toward the bottom to drain possible leaks of cooling water. In this way the crystallizer 27 is not subjected to the pressure of the cooling water contained in the introduction chamber 16 and the discharge chamber 17, and is therefore not subjected to deformations.

The crystallizer 27 comprises a plurality of plates 28 a, 28 b, and 29 a, 29 b connected to each other, in ways which will be described hereafter, to define a through casting cavity 30 for the passage of the melted metal.

Each plate 28 a, 28 b, 29 a, 29 b is provided with a plurality of passage channels 31 for the cooling water that extend through for the entire length of the plate 28 a, 28 b, 29 a, 29 b.

The passage channels 31 can be made completely in the thickness of each plate 28 a, 28 b, 29 a, 29 b, using holing operations for example. Other forms of embodiment, not shown in the drawings, possibly combinable with forms of embodiment described here, provide that the passage channels 31 are defined by longitudinal grooves open toward the outside and subsequently closed by closing elements.

Each passage channel 31 has an entrance end 32 a and an exit end 32 b located in fluidic communication respectively with the introduction chamber 16 and with the discharge chamber 17 by means of connection channels 33 a and 33 b made transversely in the thickness of each plate 28 a, 28 b, 29 a, 29 b.

The entrance ends 32 a are closed in their end part by a closing flange 34, anchored to the lower flange 25.

The exit ends 32 b, on the other hand, are closed by the upper flange 24 of the mold body 11.

Each plate 28 a, 28 b, 29 a, 29 b is provided in its turn with respective connection edges 35 suitably shaped to define reciprocal same-shape couplings between the plates 28 a, 28 b, 29 a, 29 b.

One form of embodiment of the present invention, shown for example in FIG. 3 provides that a plurality of said connection channels 33 b converge toward the external surface of the plates 28 a, 28 b, 29 a, 29 b, in correspondence to common discharge collectors 36 b. Similar forms of embodiment can provide that the connection channels 33 a also converge toward the external surface of the plates 28 a, 28 b, 29 a, 29 b in correspondence to common introduction collectors 36 a (FIG. 1).

The entrance ends 32 a and the exit ends 32 b of the passage channels 31 are connected to the introduction chamber 16 and to the discharge chamber 17 by means of one or more connecting members. The entrance ends 32 a and the exit ends 32 b are connected to entrance sleeves 37 a and respectively exit sleeves 37 b.

Some forms of embodiment, shown for example in FIG. 3, provide that each entrance sleeve 37 a and each exit sleeve 37 b allow to feed or discharge the cooling water into or from several passage channels 31. To this end the connection of the entrance sleeves 37 a and the exit sleeves 37 b is provided in correspondence to the introduction collectors 36 a and respectively the discharge collectors 36 b.

The entrance sleeves 37 a and the exit sleeves 37 b are attached to the conveyor 26 by connection means 38 so as to put their useful passage section in continuity with the introduction collectors 36 a and the discharge collectors 36 b.

Flow choking members 45 are associated to at least one of either the entrance sleeves 37 a or the exit sleeves 37 b, in this case to the exit sleeves 37 b.

The flow choking members 45 allow to adjust the flow of cooling water in the passage channels 31. A different calibration of the flow choking members 45 of each of the exit sleeves 37 b allows to obtain differentiated cooling zones in the crystallizer 27.

The flow choking members 45 can comprise plates with calibrated holes, commandable or servo-commandable valves, or elements to obstruct/choke the flow or similar or comparable members suitable for the purpose.

This solution is particularly efficient if products are cast that have zones of the cross section with a variable thickness, such as Beam Blanks for example, in which the central area, or “core”, has a different thickness from the external zones or “wings”.

In the form of embodiment in FIG. 3, the flow adjustment members 45 comprise a plate 46 attached to the exit sleeve 37 b by connection means 48, of the threaded type for example.

The plate 46 is provided with at least a calibrated hole 47, smaller in size than the useful passage section of the exit sleeve 37 b and which allows to adjust the flow rate of the cooling water.

Connection members 50 are provided to connect the conveyor 26 and the crystallizer 27 to each other.

In particular, the connection members 50 are suitable to determine the reciprocal positioning of the plates 28 a, 28 b, 29 a, 29 b and the external walls of the conveyor 26.

In forms of embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-4, the connection members 50 comprise first attachment devices 52 provided to constrain the reciprocal positioning of a first plate 28 a with the wall of the conveyor 26.

Some forms of embodiment of the present invention provide that the first plate 28 a is the one disposed toward the extrados of the curve of the mold 12.

With reference to FIG. 4, it is provided that the first attachment devices 52 comprise a plurality of screws 53 insertable in through holes 54 made in the thickness of the conveyor 26. The screws 53 screw into threaded holes 55 made on the external surface of the first plate 28 a and transverse to the longitudinal axis Z.

In the form of embodiment in FIG. 4, between the first plate 28 a and the wall of the conveyor 26 there is a spacer 56 with a distancing function.

Some forms of embodiment of the present invention provide that the wall of the conveyor 26 to which the first plate 28 a is attached is provided with protruding abutment portions which define references for the correct positioning of the first plate 28 a with respect to the conveyor 26, and consequently also for the other plates 28 b, 29 a, 29 b.

Second attachment devices 57 (FIG. 3) are provided to determine the reciprocal coupling of a second plate 28 b, opposite the first plate 28 a, of a third plate 29 a that connects in two first connection edges 35 of the first 28 a and the second 28 b plate, and of a fourth plate 29 b, opposite the third plate 29 a, which connects in two second connection edges 35 of the third plate 29 a and the fourth plate 29 b.

In particular, the second attachment devices 57 are configured to compress, in correspondence with their respective connection edges, the second plate 28 b, the third plate 29 a and the fourth plate 29 b against the first plate 28 a.

Some forms of embodiment, one of which is shown in FIG. 5, provide that the second attachment devices 57 comprise a plurality of elastic blocks 58 attached to the external surface of the second plate 28 b, of the third plate 29 a and of the fourth plate 29 b, in this case to the external surface of the fourth plate 29 b, and on which thruster elements 64 act during use. The thruster elements 64 are attached on the external surface of the conveyor 26 and are configured to compress the elastic blocks 58.

The elastic blocks 58 comprise a containing body 59 with a substantially cylindrical shape, provided to contain a plurality of elastic elements 60 inside it.

In the form of embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the elastic elements 60 comprise cup type springs, although in other forms of embodiment the elastic elements 60 can comprise compression springs of the helical type, conical disc springs or leaf springs or suchlike.

The containing body 59 comprises a container 61 provided with an aperture 65 for the introduction of the elastic elements 60.

The aperture 65 of the container 61 is partly closed by a lid 62 that provides to maintain the elastic elements 60 compressed inside the container 61, and generates a first preloading thereof.

The container 61 is housed, by mechanical interference, in a respective blind hole 63 made on the external surface of the second plate 28 b, the third plate 29 a and the fourth plate 29 b.

The reciprocal connection between the container 61 and the lid 62 can be the threaded type or, in other forms of embodiment, by same-shape coupling or interference, for example providing snap-in attachment teeth of the non-releasable type.

The lid 62 is provided with a hole 67 which allows the thruster elements 64 to cooperate with the elastic elements 60. Inside the container 61, interposed between the elastic elements 60 and the lid 62, there is a small plate 66 that protrudes toward the outside through the hole 67.

Suitable abutments 68 are provided in the small plate 66 and in the lid 62, to prevent the small plate 66 from exiting from the container 61.

The thruster elements 64 comprise a thrust screw 69 which is screwed into a threaded hole 70 made through the thickness of the conveyor 26.

In particular, the threaded hole 70 is made in a position coordinated to the one in which the blind hole 63 is provided for housing the elastic block 58.

The thrust screw 69 of each second attachment device 57 presses against the small plate 66, compressing the elastic elements 60 inside the containing body 59.

The action of compression of the elastic elements 60 associated respectively to the second plate 28 b, the third plate 29 a and the fourth plate 29 b is transmitted onto these.

The overall effect of compression of the elastic elements 60 therefore translates into an effect of compression of the second plate 28 b, the third plate 29 a and the fourth plate 29 b against the first plate 28 a, which is the only one directly attached to the conveyor 26.

Assembling the crystallizer 12 with the conveyor 26 comprises a first operation of introducing only the first plate 28 a inside the conveyor 26, disposing it in contact against a wall of the latter. If necessary, it may be provided to interpose the spacer 56 between the first plate 28 a and the conveyor 26 as described above.

The first plate 28 a is attached in the conveyor 26 by the first attachment devices 52 which exert a holding action of the first plate 28 a against the wall of the conveyor 26.

A subsequent operation is provided to introduce the second plate 28 b, the third plate 29 a and the fourth plate 29 b inside the conveyor 26, disposing them in reciprocal contact with their connection edges 35 of the first plate 28 a.

Some forms of embodiment provide that the operation of introducing the second plate 28 b, the third plate 29 a, and the fourth plate 29 b into the conveyor 26 occurs simultaneously.

In this case dedicated equipment can be provided that, before the insertion, reciprocally connects the second plate 28 b, the third plate 29 a and the fourth plate 29 b, disposing them in the position they will assume during use.

The equipment, together with the second plate 28 b, the third plate 29 a and the fourth plate 29 b is used to allow the simultaneous insertion of the latter inside the conveyor 26.

Other forms of embodiment can provide that the insertion of the second plate 28 b, the third plate 29 a and the fourth plate 29 b occurs in sequence.

Once the second plate 28 b, the third plate 29 a and the fourth plate 29 b are inserted in the conveyor 26, the second attachment devices 57 are activated. The activation of the second attachment devices 57 allows to compress the second plate 28 b, the third plate 29 a and the fourth plate 29 b against the first plate 28 a.

In fact, while the first plate 28 a is held by the first attachment devices 52 against the conveyor 26, the second plate 28 b, the third plate 29 a and the fourth plate 29 b are thrust toward the inside of the conveyor 26 and the reciprocal cooperation between the connection edges 35 determines an assembled condition.

The fact that no direct connection is provided between the plates 28 a, 28 b, 29 a, 29 b, but only a reciprocal compaction thereof, allows to confer on the crystallizer 27 a greater adaptability to the stresses to which it is subjected during use, and also prevents the onset of tensions inside the plates 28 a, 28 b, 29 a, 29 b.

Other forms of embodiment of the present invention, shown for example in FIGS. 1-7, provide that the connection members 50 comprise first positioning devices 71 a and 71 b provided to determine a precise positioning of the first plate 28 a and the second plate 28 b, and second positioning devices 72 (FIGS. 2 and 4) provided to determine a precise positioning of the third plate 29 a and the fourth plate 29 b with respect to the conveyor 26 in an axial direction, that is, along the longitudinal axis Z, and a transverse direction.

The first positioning devices 71 a, 71 b and the second positioning devices 72 comprise a plurality of pins 73 (FIGS. 2 and 4-6) suitable to be inserted in respective through holes 74 made in the thickness of the conveyor 26 and according to an axis that is located transverse to the longitudinal axis Z.

The position of the pins 73 in the through holes 74 is maintained by connection members 75 which, in this case, comprise screws 76 inserted into through holes 77 made in a head 78 of the pin 73.

Each first positioning device 71 a, 71 b comprises a first housing seating 79, respectively 80, made blind in the thickness of the first 28 a and the second 28 b plate (FIGS. 6 and 7).

The first housing seatings 79 of the first positioning devices 71 a (FIG. 6) are configured to constrain the position of the first 28 a and the second 28 b plate with respect to the conveyor 26 both in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis Z and also in a transverse direction, for example orthogonal, to the longitudinal axis Z.

The first housing seatings 80 of the first positioning devices 71 b (FIG. 7) on the other hand are configured to constrain the position of the plates 28 a, 28 b in a transverse direction, in this specific case, orthogonal, to the longitudinal axis Z and to leave the movement free in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis Z.

Each second positioning device 72 comprises a second housing seating 81 made blind in the thickness of the third 29 a and the fourth 29 b plate (FIGS. 2 and 4).

Finally, the second housing seatings 81 of the second positioning devices 72 (FIGS. 2 and 4) are configured to constrain the position of the third 29 a and the fourth 29 b plate in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis Z and to leave the movement free in a transverse direction, in this specific case, orthogonal, to the longitudinal axis Z, to allow any necessary adaption if the plates 28 a, 28 b, 29 a, 29 b are regenerated and if the thickness of the spacer 56 is modified.

In fact, because of wear on the plates 28 a, 28 b, 29 a, 29 b, the surface of the latter that is internal during use is subjected to a mechanical working causing removal of material, so that the plates 28 a, 28 b, 29 a, 29 b change their total thickness.

The first plate 28 a changes its total thickness and, in order to maintain the positioning of the internal profile unchanged with respect to the machine, a spacer 56 is inserted, with a calibrated thickness with respect to the support frame 26. These operations produce very slight movements of the theoretical center of the plates 28 b, 29 a, 29 b.

In general, the positioning of the crystallizer 27 in the support frame 26 is given by the abutment to which the first plate 28 a is attached. A rigid positioning constraint makes it impossible to assemble the crystallizer 27 in the support frame 26.

In this respect, both the first housing seatings 80 and the second housing seatings 81 have a greater size compared to the size of the diameter of the pin 73 in the direction in which a movement of the plates 28 a, 28 b, 29 a, 29 b is allowed, while they have a tolerance coupling, play coupling or interference coupling in the direction in which movement is prevented.

The freedom of movement of the plates 28 a, 28 b, 29 a, 29 b with respect to the pins 73 allows to take into account possible thermal dilations to which the latter are subjected during use, and thus prevent the onset of internal stresses that could deform the crystallizer 27, generating cast products with unwanted geometric and microstructural characteristics, as well as reducing the useful life of the crystallizer 27 itself.

It is clear that modifications and/or additions of parts may be made to the continuous casting apparatus as described heretofore, without departing from the field and scope of the present invention.

It is also clear that, although the present invention has been described with reference to some specific examples, a person of skill in the art shall certainly be able to achieve many other equivalent forms of continuous casting apparatus, having the characteristics as set forth in the claims and hence all coming within the field of protection defined thereby. 

1. Apparatus for continuous casting comprising a support structure provided with a containing casing configured to support inside it a mold equipped with a plurality of longitudinal passage channels for the passage of a cooling liquid, said containing casing and said mold together defining an introduction chamber and a discharge chamber for said cooling liquid, and said introduction chamber and said discharge chamber being fluidically connected by said passage channels, said mold comprises a first tubular element and a second tubular element disposed inside said first tubular element, wherein said second tubular element comprises a plurality of plates each provided with said passage channels and connected to each other to define a through casting cavity, and in that said first tubular element is provided with connection members to connect said passage channels of the plates respectively with said introduction chamber and with said discharge chamber.
 2. Apparatus as in claim 1, wherein a hollow space is defined between said first tubular element and said second tubular element.
 3. Apparatus as in claim 1, wherein each of said plates is served by its own connection members.
 4. Apparatus as in claim 3, wherein each of said connection members is connected to a plurality of said passage channels.
 5. Apparatus as in claim 1, wherein flow adjustment members, provided to adjust the flow rate of cooling liquid in said passage channels, are associated to at least one of said connection members.
 6. Apparatus as in claim 5, wherein said flow adjustment members comprise plates with calibrated holes, commandable or servo-commandable valves, or elements to obstruct/choke the flow.
 7. Apparatus as in claim 1, wherein said introduction chamber and said discharge chamber are divided by a separator element associated to said containing casing and to said mold.
 8. Apparatus as in claim 7, wherein said separator element is disposed transverse to the longitudinal extension of said mold.
 9. Apparatus as in claim 7, wherein said separator element comprises a first portion connected to said containing casing and a second portion connected to the walls of said first tubular element. 